Chapter 17 Test Study Guide

Study Guide for Chapter 17 Tet for 12/11

--Understand that reactions occur because of collisions between molecules
--Know how reaction rates are affected by surface area, temperature and concentration
--Know how a catalyst affects a reaction and its activation energy
--Know the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous reaction
--Know how to write the equilibrium expression (K) for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions
--Understand why solids and liquids in an equilibrium expression have a value of 1
--Know how to calculate and equilibrium expression when numerical values are given
--Know how conditions affect the equilibrium of a reaction such as adding or removing reactants and products, adding or removing energy
--Know the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction
--Know how volume affects the gas in equilibrium, if volume decreases the amount of molecules has to decrease and if volume increases, the molecules would increase

HW #10 for 12/10

1) HW #10 pg. 625 #2, 3, pg. 629-630 #29, 31-32
2) All late HW due Friday
3) Composition books due this week
4) Chapter 17 test Friday

Study Guide for Final

Chemistry Final Study Guide—Fall 2015

Chapter 1:

--Know the steps of the scientific method

            --understand what happens in step

--Be able to explain what a hypothesis is

Chapter 2:

--Know the difference between an element and a compound

            --Such as hydrogen is element, water is a compound made up of hydrogen & oxygen

--Know the three states of matter and what makes them different

--Know the difference between a physical & chemical change

            --Be able to identify the signs of a chemical change (such as smoke, color change, precipitate, and so on)

--Know what a mixture is made up of.

            --Know the difference between a homogeneous & heterogeneous mixture (how they look different).

Chapter 3:

--Know how to locate elements on the period table.

            --Know where the different type of elements are located such as metals, nonmetals and metalloids

--Know how to identify their mass number, atomic number, chemical symbol, # of protons, electrons, and neutrons

--Know where each subatomic part (protons, neutrons, or electrons) are located in the atom and what the charge (+, -, or no charge)  of each is.

--Understand how to figure out how many of each element in a formula such as Ca(NO₃)₂ has how many Ca, N & O atoms

--Know what the mass number and atomic number tell you about an atom.

--Know the groups of the periodic table such as noble gases, alkali metals.

            --Know the charge of the ion that they will make because of their valence electrons (such as F—halogens—has 1- charge, 7 valence electrons.

--Know the properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids (shiny/dull, ductile, malleable, conduct electricity, magnetism, react with acids)

--Know how to find the formula for a compound by knowing what ion they form such as magnesium (2+) and phosphorus (3-) will form Mg₃P₂

Chapter 5:

--Know how to change a large and small number to scientific notation (such as 1,708,000 becomes 1.708 x 10⁶ and .000067 becomes 6.7 x 10^-5

--Know how to change a number in scientific notation to a normal number

--Know how to convert metric units using KHDUDCM (King Henry Doesn’t Usually Drink Chocolate Milk)

--Know how density is calculated and how to compare objects of different densities and whether they will float or sink

Chapter 7:

--Know the clues of a chemical reaction

--Know that a chemical reaction cannot usually be reversed

--Know how to balance a chemical equation

--Know how to write a chemical equation from words (such as liquid water combines with oxygen gas—H₂O (l) + O₂ (g)

--Know where the reactants and products are located in a chemical equation

Chapter 12:

--Know the difference between an ionic & covalent bond based on what occurs with the valence electrons

--Know how to read the electronegativity of atoms on the periodic table

--Know the shape of polar covalent, nonpolar covalent and ionic bonds.

            --Be able to show if there are + or – charges on the model

--Know the properties of ionic compounds (such as high melting point, conduct electricity, usually solid) from covalent compounds (low melting point, often liquid and gas, do not conduct electricity well)

Chapter 17:

--Know how reaction rates are affected by surface area, temperature & concentration. (will it slow up or down?)

--Know what the role of a catalyst is in a reaction in regards to activation energy and how it affects the reaction rate.

--Be able to tell a heterogeneous & homogeneous reactions apart.

--Be able to write the equilibrium expression (K) for homogeneous & heterogeneous reactions (make sure you know why hetero are different)

--Know how a reaction will shift to products or reactants due to a change in concentration, volume, and temperature

--Be able to solve for K when values are given for reactants & products in a homogeneous reaction.

Demo Lab: Equilibrium Shifts

Demonstration Labs: Equilibrium Shifts

Here is the reaction:

CoCl₄^2- (aq) +6 H₂O (l) « Co(H₂O)₆²⁺ (aq) + 4Cl^- (aq)

          blue                     violet                             pink

At the moment the reaction is at equilibrium.

1. Write the equation and label the reactants and the products.

2. Make predictions about what color you think will appear when Ms. Cotta adds a stress to the system.

	Add HCl	Add Ag(NO3)	Add CaCl2	Add acetone	Add H2O	Heat	Ice bath
Predict:
Actual:

3. When we added CaCl₂, what happened to the color? Which way was the reaction moving forward (to the products) or reverse (to the reactants)? Explain why.

4. Then explain the same each for HCl, Ag(NO₃), acetone, H₂O. 

5. When we added heat, what happened to the color? Which way was the reaction moving forward or reverse? Explain why.

6. So does this mean the reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Examine the direction it shifted when heat was added.

Demo Lab: Effects of Pressure/Change of Volume

Effects of Pressure/Change of Volume Demonstration

Step #	Volume of liquid + gas (in mL)	Indicator color	pH
2 & 3
6
9
11

2CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) « CO₂ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) + HCO₃^- (aq)

1. When the plunger of the syringe was pulled out what did that do to the volume and pressure in the syringe? What direction did the equation shift to the reactants or the products? Show why with a drawing of a balance and the reaction and label what changed in the equation.

2. When the plunger was pushed in what effect did it have on the volume and pressure in the syringe? What direction did the equation shift to the reactants or the products? Show why with a drawing of a balance and label what changed in the equation.

Study Guide for Final

Chemistry Final Study Guide—Fall 2015

Chapter 1:

--Know the steps of the scientific method

            --understand what happens in step

--Be able to explain what a hypothesis is

Chapter 2:

--Know the difference between an element and a compound

            --Such as hydrogen is element, water is a compound made up of hydrogen & oxygen

--Know the three states of matter and what makes them different

--Know the difference between a physical & chemical change

            --Be able to identify the signs of a chemical change (such as smoke, color change, precipitate, and so on)

--Know what a mixture is made up of.

            --Know the difference between a homogeneous & heterogeneous mixture (how they look different).

Chapter 3:

--Know how to locate elements on the period table.

            --Know where the different type of elements are located such as metals, nonmetals and metalloids

--Know how to identify their mass number, atomic number, chemical symbol, # of protons, electrons, and neutrons

--Know where each subatomic part (protons, neutrons, or electrons) are located in the atom and what the charge (+, -, or no charge)  of each is.

--Understand how to figure out how many of each element in a formula such as Ca(NO₃)₂ has how many Ca, N & O atoms

--Know what the mass number and atomic number tell you about an atom.

--Know the groups of the periodic table such as noble gases, alkali metals.

            --Know the charge of the ion that they will make because of their valence electrons (such as F—halogens—has 1- charge, 7 valence electrons.

--Know the properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids (shiny/dull, ductile, malleable, conduct electricity, magnetism, react with acids)

--Know how to find the formula for a compound by knowing what ion they form such as magnesium (2+) and phosphorus (3-) will form Mg₃P₂

Chapter 5:

--Know how to change a large and small number to scientific notation (such as 1,708,000 becomes 1.708 x 10⁶ and .000067 becomes 6.7 x 10^-5

--Know how to change a number in scientific notation to a normal number

--Know how to convert metric units using KHDUDCM (King Henry Doesn’t Usually Drink Chocolate Milk)

--Know how density is calculated and how to compare objects of different densities and whether they will float or sink

Chapter 7:

--Know the clues of a chemical reaction

--Know that a chemical reaction cannot usually be reversed

--Know how to balance a chemical equation

--Know how to write a chemical equation from words (such as liquid water combines with oxygen gas—H₂O (l) + O₂ (g)

--Know where the reactants and products are located in a chemical equation

Chapter 12:

--Know the difference between an ionic & covalent bond based on what occurs with the valence electrons

--Know how to read the electronegativity of atoms on the periodic table

--Know the shape of polar covalent, nonpolar covalent and ionic bonds.

            --Be able to show if there are + or – charges on the model

--Know the properties of ionic compounds (such as high melting point, conduct electricity, usually solid) from covalent compounds (low melting point, often liquid and gas, do not conduct electricity well)

Chapter 17:

--Know how reaction rates are affected by surface area, temperature & concentration. (will it slow up or down?)

--Know what the role of a catalyst is in a reaction in regards to activation energy and how it affects the reaction rate.

--Be able to tell a heterogeneous & homogeneous reactions apart.

--Be able to write the equilibrium expression (K) for homogeneous & heterogeneous reactions (make sure you know why hetero are different)

--Know how a reaction will shift to products or reactants due to a change in concentration, volume, and temperature

--Be able to solve for K when values are given for reactants & products in a homogeneous reaction.