Study Guide for Final

Chemistry Final Study Guide—Fall 2015

Chapter 1:

--Know the steps of the scientific method

            --understand what happens in step

--Be able to explain what a hypothesis is

Chapter 2:

--Know the difference between an element and a compound

            --Such as hydrogen is element, water is a compound made up of hydrogen & oxygen

--Know the three states of matter and what makes them different

--Know the difference between a physical & chemical change

            --Be able to identify the signs of a chemical change (such as smoke, color change, precipitate, and so on)

--Know what a mixture is made up of.

            --Know the difference between a homogeneous & heterogeneous mixture (how they look different).

Chapter 3:

--Know how to locate elements on the period table.

            --Know where the different type of elements are located such as metals, nonmetals and metalloids

--Know how to identify their mass number, atomic number, chemical symbol, # of protons, electrons, and neutrons

--Know where each subatomic part (protons, neutrons, or electrons) are located in the atom and what the charge (+, -, or no charge)  of each is.

--Understand how to figure out how many of each element in a formula such as Ca(NO₃)₂ has how many Ca, N & O atoms

--Know what the mass number and atomic number tell you about an atom.

--Know the groups of the periodic table such as noble gases, alkali metals.

            --Know the charge of the ion that they will make because of their valence electrons (such as F—halogens—has 1- charge, 7 valence electrons.

--Know the properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids (shiny/dull, ductile, malleable, conduct electricity, magnetism, react with acids)

--Know how to find the formula for a compound by knowing what ion they form such as magnesium (2+) and phosphorus (3-) will form Mg₃P₂

Chapter 5:

--Know how to change a large and small number to scientific notation (such as 1,708,000 becomes 1.708 x 10⁶ and .000067 becomes 6.7 x 10^-5

--Know how to change a number in scientific notation to a normal number

--Know how to convert metric units using KHDUDCM (King Henry Doesn’t Usually Drink Chocolate Milk)

--Know how density is calculated and how to compare objects of different densities and whether they will float or sink

Chapter 7:

--Know the clues of a chemical reaction

--Know that a chemical reaction cannot usually be reversed

--Know how to balance a chemical equation

--Know how to write a chemical equation from words (such as liquid water combines with oxygen gas—H₂O (l) + O₂ (g)

--Know where the reactants and products are located in a chemical equation

Chapter 12:

--Know the difference between an ionic & covalent bond based on what occurs with the valence electrons

--Know how to read the electronegativity of atoms on the periodic table

--Know the shape of polar covalent, nonpolar covalent and ionic bonds.

            --Be able to show if there are + or – charges on the model

--Know the properties of ionic compounds (such as high melting point, conduct electricity, usually solid) from covalent compounds (low melting point, often liquid and gas, do not conduct electricity well)

Chapter 17:

--Know how reaction rates are affected by surface area, temperature & concentration. (will it slow up or down?)

--Know what the role of a catalyst is in a reaction in regards to activation energy and how it affects the reaction rate.

--Be able to tell a heterogeneous & homogeneous reactions apart.

--Be able to write the equilibrium expression (K) for homogeneous & heterogeneous reactions (make sure you know why hetero are different)

--Know how a reaction will shift to products or reactants due to a change in concentration, volume, and temperature

--Be able to solve for K when values are given for reactants & products in a homogeneous reaction.